NL
ANSNL-D05-Sub4-OSPAR-Input
Nutrient inputs - land-based sources
The OSPAR Riverine Inputs and Direct Discharges monitoring programme (RID) estimates the riverborne and direct inputs of nutrients to the waters covered by the Convention. The main pressures covered are nutrients arising from agriculture, wastewater treatment plants and industrial installations and aquaculture. See Annual RID Data reports for practice 1990-2012. OSPAR produces assessments at the North East Atlantic Scale [and its sub-regions] OSPAR RID Database subject to OSPAR data policy. Submit request to OSPAR Secretariat.
RID data reported by Contracting Parties to OSPAR under this programme are managed by an external data centre (2014-15: Bioforsk; Norway).
1990-9999
OTH
Principles of the Comprehensive Study on Riverine Inputs and Direct Discharges (RID). Revised in 2005 and 2014 (> application from 2015). Updated in 2006 and 2007. Adopted: 1998. OSPAR Agreement Ref. No.: Agreement 1998-05 See RID Section 12.
ANSNL-D09-Sub1
Contaminant levels - in species, including seafood
Since 2004, the WOT-programme includes a yearly analysis of a wide range of contaminants in several species of fish, shellfish and cod-livers originating from the North Sea. See the report for more information: http://edepot.wur.nl/274433 Each year in December a basic MSFD-datafile will be made available via the website of the Informatiehuis Marien (http://www.informatiehuismarien.nl/)
1977-9999
OTH
The WOT programme runs since 2004. For the programme, each year 15-20 samples of North Sea fish and shellfish are taken and analysed on a wide range of contaminants. Every fish-sample is a mixed sample consisting of the edible parts of 25 individual fishes. http://edepot.wur.nl/274433
ANSNL-D08-Sub3-OSPAR-BiolEffects
Benthic species - health status
The programme covers mainly coastal and territorial waters. OSPAR Contracting Parties provide geographical coordinates for their sampling. The extent of past OSPAR coordinated monitoring can be viewed from OSPAR CEMP assessment reports.
Monitoring is done mainly in areas where risks indicate that contaminants are likely to be present, based on local knowledge of the Contracting Parties. Takes place in coastal waters where elevated concentrations have been found and TBT has been used in the past (harbours, dockyards, marinas). Not addressed in detail in this OSPAR fact sheet. The sampling programme is to some extent, risk-based, and both the frequency and coverage are determined according to previous surveys. The previous assessments undertaken may lead to conclusions and recommendations which result in the development of a temporal trend programme from a spatial survey or vice versa. For example: if an area of concern is identified in a spatial programme, a temporal trend programme may be implemented at a limited number of representative sites; or opposite if a temporal trend changes unexpectedly, a spatial programme may be used to identify contaminant sources or the extent of the problem. Development of and decision on method and degree of aggregation is in progress OSPAR Contracting Parties prefer to make data available via the use of existing data streams (through ICES), which has the benefit of additional QA checks. Making data available through ICES with a yearly data submissions mechanism is the preferred way.
Monitoring data reported by Contracting Parties to OSPAR under the Coordinated Environmental Monitoring Programme are managed on behalf of OSPAR by ICES.
Access of data included in ICES DOME is already in place for EC/EEA
2005-9999
OTH
JAMP Guidelines for contaminant-specific biological effects monitoring (OSPAR Agreement Ref. No. 2008-09) OSPAR Contracting Parties may take account of scientific updates such as are published e.g. in ICES TIMES publications (www.ices.dk)
Advice for QA is given by ISO/IEC EN 17025 for testing Laboratories and HELCOM Combine Manual Part B (www.helcom.fi). External QA/QC is performed by participation in laboratory testing schemes as provided by QUASIMEME and other providers. For data transfer check ICES Data Centre is providing data tools (DATRAS). http://ices.dk/marinedata/
tools/Pages/Submission%20status.aspx
ANSNL-D11-Sub2-AmbientNoise
Diffuse underwater noise - distribution, frequency and levels
Shipping is the main antropogenic source of ambient noise. To map out the potential (cumulative effects) of uninterrupted continuous background noise, existing data on ship movements, additional measurements and modelling will be used.
The Netherlands has chosen to work towards the set-up of a monitoring programme in regional cooperation, rather than on a national level. The resulting delay is prefered above a non-regional approach. The elaboration of the indicators referred to, the research measurements and the assessment will be coordinated in an international context. Each year in December a basic MSFD-datafile will be made available via the website of the Informatiehuis Marien (http://www.informatiehuismarien.nl/)
2016-9999
OTH
To map out the potential (cumulative effects) of uninterrupted continuous background noise, existing data on ship movements, additional measurements and modelling will be used.
Monitoring Guidance for Underwater Noise in European Seas - Monitoring Guidance Specifications. 2nd Report of the Technical Subgroup on Underwater Noise (TSG Noise). November, 2013. https://circabc.europa.eu/sd/a/6b168331-711a-4ec5-9be3-26600c43808d/MSFD%20Monitoring%20Guidance%20Underwater%20Noise%20Part%20II%20Specifications%20IGR%200516.pdf
ANSNL-D1346-Sub2-Biomass
Mobile species - abundance and/or biomass
ICES fish stock assessments for the North Sea are used. These data render a better insight in the spawning stock biomass than information on the Netherlands EEZ only, because the fish stocks are not limited to the Netherlands EEZ.
Stock monitoring is not confined to the boundaries of the Dutch part of the North Sea but covers various ICES areas. The Dutch part of the North Sea is located within areas IVb AND IVc. The Netherlands also conducts surveys outside the Dutch part of the North Sea, as other Member States conduct surveys within the boundaries of the Dutch part of the North Sea.
All information collected by the member states, is transferred to ICES, which combines and assesses all the data. This information is available via the ICES website via the link: http://standardgraphs.ices.dk/stocklist.aspx
1969-9999
OTH
Spawning Stock Biomass has been fully incorporated into the existing monitoring programmes relating to the Statutory Research Tasks for Fisheries (WOT) and the Data Collection Framework (DCF, coordinated by ICES).
Information from, among others, the following monitoring programmes is used: Sole Net Survey (SNS) [A], Demersal Young Fish Survey (DYFS) [B], International Bottom Trawl Survey (IBTS) [C], International Herring Larvae Surveys (IHLS)[D], Mackerel and horse mackerel eggs [E], Beam trawl Survey (BTS)[B]
Links to ICES working groups and methodology:
[A] ICES WGNSSK - http://www.ices.dk/community/groups/Pages/WGNSSK.aspx
[B] ICES WGBEAM - http://www.ices.dk/community/groups/Pages/WGBEAM.aspx
[C] http://www.ices.dk/sites/pub/Publication%20Reports/ICES%20Survey%20Protocols%20%28SISP%29/SISP1-IBTSVIII.pdf.
[D] ICES WGIPS – http://www.ices.dk/community/groups/Pages/WGIPS.aspx
[E] ICES WGMEGS - http://www.ices.dk/community/groups/Pages/WGMEGS.aspx
ANSNL-D08-Sub6-OiledBirds
ANSNL-D08-Sub6-OiledBirds
The necessary data can be derived from standard beached bird surveys. In The Netherlands, surveys are co-ordinated by the Royal Netherlands Institute for Sea Research and conducted by volunteers recruited from the Dutch Seabird Group. BBS are conducted year-round, but at a rather low level from May through October. Although national boundaries may be the most practical subdivision of the North Sea in terms of financing and logistics, a further subdivision is required to describe spatial differences in oil rates all over the North Sea. Following OSPAR 2005, 15 sub-regions in the North Sea were studied. See EcoQO handbook. Data Access is under development by OSPAR, once ready data can be accessed via http://www.ospar.org/content/content.asp?menu=01511400000000_000000_000000.
Each year in December a basic MSFD-datafile will be made available via the website of the Informatiehuis Marien (http://www.informatiehuismarien.nl/)
1970-9999
OTH
Methods are described in the OSPAR EcoQO handbook (OSPAR publication 2009/307)
http://www.ospar.org/documents/dbase/publications/p00307/p00307_ecoqo%20handbook%202009%202nd%20edition.pdf
ANSNL-D1346-Sub10-Benthos
Benthic species - abundance and/or biomass
The Habitats Directive and MSFD are both intended to ensure protection of the sea-floor habitat. The monitoring therefore focuses on the information requirement that follows from both directives. In the Marine Stategy Part I (2012) the Netherlands has decided to use benthos for biodiversity-criteria from the Commission Decision (COM 2010/477/EU) on species-level as well as on habitat- level.
For reasons of cost efficiency and consistency, the MSFD Monitoring Plan follows the existing HD and WFD Monitoring Programmes wherever possible. Any outstanding monitoring demands can be met using the extensive MWTL benthos measurement network, supplemented with information from the WOT (statutory research tasks) for Fisheries (shellfish surveys section) and by means of supplementary area monitoring. The measurement sites are all supplementary to the existing measurement networks in the coastal zone and the EEZ.
The required number of samples per type and per habitat has been determined using statistical analysis. Where relevant, the distribution of indicative seabed-communities within habitats and within areas where the seafloor is protectedhas been taken into account. Within these areas the sample locations are randomly distributed (stratified random sampling).
Additionally some boxcorer sampling locationd from MWTL will be continued, on behalf of continuity and to keep the possibility to compare with measurements from the past
Temporal frequency: MWTL Benthos – every 3 years: 2015, 2018 and 2021. WOT Shellfish monitoring: yearly. Supplementary area monitoring: every 3 years. Each year in December a basic MSFD-datafile will be made available via the website of the Informatiehuis Marien (http://www.informatiehuismarien.nl/).
2014-9999
OTH
The regular survey networks that will be used are: The Rijkswaterstaat MWTL benthos measurement network [A], supplemented with information from the WOT (statutory research tasks from the Ministry of Economic Affairs) for Fisheries (shellfish surveys section [B] )
[A] MWTL Meetplan 2015 (will be available at http://www.helpdeskwater.nl/onderwerpen/monitoring/gegevensinwinning/ ).
[B] WOT 05-406-008 - http://www.wageningenur.nl/nl/project/Monitoring-schelpdierbestanden.htm. Most recent report, including methodology: http://edepot.wur.nl/278820.
Before sea-floor protection measures come into effect, the baseline situation of the areas protected under the MSFD and HD (baseline measurement) is determined.
Sampling is focused on the designated areas protected under the HD and on the MSFD areas of search for sea floor protection. Within those, both areas under protective measures and relevant reference areas that are not under protective measures are covered. Within each of these areas, the measurement locations are randomly distributed. With the exception of the ‘medium-deep mixed sand’ of the Southern Bight, the ‘common habitats’ reported in the MSFD Initial Assessment are thus also covered at EUNIS level 3. For this reason, the Southern Bight is sampled – additionally – in the same way as the protected areas.
Table 7 of the Marine Strategy Part II (Par. 9.2.1, Page 84) gives an overview of the number and distribution of sampling locations, as well as the monitoring method and sampled habitat types.
ANSNL-D08-Sub5-OSPAR-InputAtm
Contaminant inputs - from atmosphere
The OSPAR Comprehensive Atmospheric Monitoring Programme (CAMP) consists of coastal atmospheric monitoring stations where monitoring data are estimated to represent marine atmospheric deposition conditions. Not addressed in detail in this OSPAR fact sheet. See OSPAR publications of annual CAMP Data reports for historic and current practice by OSPAR Contracting Parties. OSPAR produces assessments at the North East Atlantic Scale [and its sub-regions] CAMP data reported by Contracting Parties to OSPAR under this programme are managed by an external data centre (NILU; Norway).
OSPAR CAMP Database at NILU http.ebas.nilu.no subject to OSPAR data policy. Database can be queried online.
1987-9999
OTH
See CAMP Principles and reference to EMEP methods. See CAMP Principles and reference to EMEP methods.
ANSNL-D1346-Sub5-Discards
Mobile species - mortality/injury rates from fisheries (targeted and/or incidental)
ICES fish stock assessments for the North Sea are used. These data render a better insight in the total amount of discards than information on the Netherlands EEZ only, because the fish stocks are not limited to the Netherlands EEZ. Based on the requirements of the DCF 90% of the Dutch fisheries should be covered by a monitoring programme.
Stock monitoring is not confined to the boundaries of the Dutch part of the North Sea but covers various ICES areas. The Dutch part of the North Sea is located within areas IVb AND IVc. The Netherlands also conducts surveys outside the Dutch part of the North Sea, as other Member States conduct surveys within the boundaries of the Dutch part of the North Sea.
All information collected by the member states, is transferred to ICES, which combines and assesses all the data. This information is available via the ICES website via the link: http://standardgraphs.ices.dk/stocklist.aspx
2014-9999
OTH
Monitoring of discards has been fully incorporated into the existing monitoring programmes relating to the Statutory Research Tasks for Fisheries (WOT) and the Data Collection Framework (DCF, coordinated by ICES).
Based on the requirements of the DCF 90% of the Dutch fisheries should be covered by a monitoring programme. These programmes aim to get insight in the quantity as well as the composition of discards, unless these are less than 5%. Based on EU regulation 812/2004 research has to be carried out on the bycatch of cetatceans.
A large part of the data is being gathered outside the Netherlands part of the North Sea.
International coordination of the collection of data on discard is being done by the ICES Planning Group on Commercial Catch, Discards and Biological Sampling, PGCCDBS. http://www.ices.dk/community/groups/Pages/PGCCDBS.aspx
ANSNL-D1346-Sub1-FishingMortality
Mobile species - mortality/injury rates from fisheries (targeted and/or incidental)
ICES fish stock assessments for the North Sea are used. These data render a better insight in the fishing mortality than information on the Netherlands EEZ only, because the fish stocks are not limited to the Netherlands EEZ.
Stock monitoring is not confined to the boundaries of the Dutch part of the North Sea but covers various ICES areas. The Dutch part of the North Sea is located within areas IVb AND IVc. The Netherlands also conducts surveys outside the Dutch part of the North Sea, as other Member States conduct surveys within the boundaries of the Dutch part of the North Sea.
All information collected by the member states, is transferred to ICES, which combines and assesses all the data. This information is available via the ICES website via the link: http://standardgraphs.ices.dk/stocklist.aspx
1969-9999
OTH
Fishing mortality has been fully incorporated into the existing monitoring programmes relating to the Statutory Research Tasks for Fisheries (WOT) and the Data Collection Framework (DCF, coordinated by ICES).
Information from, among others, the following monitoring programmes is used: Sole Net Survey (SNS) [A], Demersal Young Fish Survey (DYFS) [B], International Bottom Trawl Survey (IBTS) [C], International Herring Larvae Surveys (IHLS)[D], Mackerel and horse mackerel eggs [E] , Beam trawl Survey (BTS)[B]
Links to ICES working groups and methodology:
[A] ICES WGNSSK - http://www.ices.dk/community/groups/Pages/WGNSSK.aspx
[B] ICES WBEAM - http://www.ices.dk/community/groups/Pages/WGBEAM.aspx
[C] http://www.ices.dk/sites/pub/Publication%20Reports/ICES%20Survey%20Protocols%20%28SISP%29/SISP1-IBTSVIII.pdf.
[D] ICES WGIPS – http://www.ices.dk/community/groups/Pages/WGIPS.aspx
[E] ICES WGMEGS - http://www.ices.dk/community/groups/Pages/WGMEGS.aspx
ANSNL-D05-Sub3-OSPAR-Chlorophyll
Plankton blooms (biomass, frequency)
The programme covers OSPAR maritime area, divided into suitable assessment units. COMP 2013 para 2.11 “Contracting Parties should divide their waters in the OSPAR maritime area into suitable assessment units based on the relevant physical features. This process of characterisation could be undertaken in accordance with the Annex II to the Water Framework Directive. Guidance on this typology is given in Section 3.” The Eutrophication Monitoring Programme (EMP) is related to the Comprehensive Procedure that contains a screening procedure to inform riskbased monitoring. There is a differentiation in monitoring effort (spatial and temporal intensity and frequency) depending on eutrophication status. Monitoring programme is designed on a risk-based approach, so that monitoring effort is concentrated on ‘at-risk’ areas. Monitoring is conducted as recommended by the OSPAR Common Procedure (i.e. in accordance with the OSPAR Agreement on a Eutrophication Monitoring Programme).
http://www.ospar.org/documents/dbase/decrecs/agreements/05-04e_eut_mon_prog.doc Demand driven data collection. Monitoring is at frequencies recommended by the OSPAR Common Procedure (OSPAR Eutrophication Monitoring Programme Agreement) [F] - COMP
recommendations: (1) Non-problem areas – about every three years during winter; (2) Potential problem areas and Problem areas – annually during winter when algal growth is at a minimum and during monitoring of direct and indirect effect.
The Netherlands has identified 4 OSPAR areas, of which 2 areas (Coastal Waters and the Southern Bight) are assessed as problem areas for the period 2006-2012, and 2 areas (Oyster Grounds and Dogger Bank) are assessed as Non-Problem areas. At present all areas are monitored anually. OSPAR Common Procedure guidance on aggregation paragraphs 1.2, 3.3, 3.4 and 3.5 [F] OSPAR Agreement Reference number: 2013-8; http://www.ospar.org/v_measures/get_page.asp?v0=13-08e_common_proc_eutrophication.doc&v1=5 Monitoring data reported by Contracting Parties to OSPAR under the Coordinated Environmental Monitoring Programme (of which the Eutrophication Monitoring Programme is a part) are managed on behalf of OSPAR by ICES.
OSPAR Contracting Parties prefer to make data available via the use of existing data stream with a yearly data submissions mechanisms: through ICES http://ocean.ices.dk/HydChem/HydChem.aspx?plot=yes and WISE WFD http://water.europa.eu/. This has the benefit of additional QA checks.
1987-9999
OTH
JAMP Eutrophication monitoring guidelines on chlorophyll - revised cf. OSPAR Agreement 2012-11.
http://www.ospar.org/documents/dbase/decrecs/agreements/12- 11e_JAMP_GL_Chrolophyll.doc OSPAR EMP: http://www.ospar.org/documents/dbase/decrecs/agreements/05-04e_eut_mon_prog.doc; (See JAMP guidelines in 9c)
ANSNL-D08-Sub4-OSPAR-Input
Contaminant inputs - land-based sources
The OSPAR Riverine Inputs and Direct Discharges monitoring programme (RID) estimates the riverborne and direct inputs of some contaminants to the waters covered by the Convention. The main pressures covered are contaminants arising from agriculture, industry, households, wastewater treatment plants and industrial installations and aquaculture. Not addressed in detail in this OSPAR fact sheet. See Annual RID Data reports for practice 1990-2012. OSPAR produces assessments at the North East Atlantic Scale [and its sub-regions] OSPAR RID Database subject to OSPAR data policy. Submit request to OSPAR Secretariat.
RID data reported by Contracting Parties to OSPAR under this programme are managed by an external data centre (2014-15: Bioforsk; Norway).
1990-9999
OTH
Principles of the Comprehensive Study on Riverine Inputs and Direct Discharges (RID). Revised in 2005 and 2014 (> application from 2015). Updated in 2006 and 2007. Adopted: 1998. OSPAR Agreement Ref. No.: Agreement 1998-05 See RID Section 12.
ANSNL-D1346-Sub9-SealPop
Mobile species - population characteristics
The health of seals can be determined using existing OSPAR indicators. The Netherlands determines these EcoQOs for the Wadden Sea population by means of the current monitoring of the sandbanks in the Wadden Sea (hence outside MSFD waters). Data can be aggregated at the level of the Wadden Sea ( TWSC) and at the level of the North Sea (OSPAR) TWSC: The number of counted seals in the Wadden Sea is published every year under the aegis of the Trilateral Seal Expert Group (TSEG) in close cooperation with the Common Wadden Sea Secretariat (CWSS), see http://www.waddensea-secretariat.org/monitoring-tmap/topics/marine-mammals (processed data sets and data products).
OSPAR: Both EcoQos will contribute to the OSPAR Intermediate Assessment in 2017, as well as the OSPAR QSR in 2021 (data products). The last assessment took place in 2010: http://www.ospar.org/v_publications/download.asp?v1=p00404.
Each year in December a basic MSFD-datafile will be made available via the website of the Informatiehuis Marien (http://www.informatiehuismarien.nl/).
1960-9999
OTH
The distribution, population size and trends relating to the common seal and the grey seal are best determined using standardised sandbank counts, at low tide and preferably during the pup and shedding periods (November-December).
OSPAR EcoQO handbook: http://www.ospar.org/v_publications/download.asp?v1=p00307
TWSC TMAP handbook http://www.waddensea-secretariat.org/monitoring-tmap/manual-guidelines
ANSNL-D10-Sub2-OSPAR-Fulmar
Litter - characteristics and abundance/volume
The programme covers the greater North Sea as it was originally developped as part of the OSPAR suite of North Sea Ecological Quality Objectives (EcoQO´s) and this area fits within the Fulmar´s natural range.
In the Netherlands the programme has been running since 1979. Data can also be aggregated at a national, monitoring region, or sub-regional level (North Sea). Access of data included in ICES DOME is already in place for EC/EEA. Previous raw data can be accessed on request from the contact at IMARES. Future raw data will be available from the OSPAR website. Assessment products are available from the OSPAR website. Data will be available at http://bit.ly/1ggNS2E
2002-9999
OTH
Handbook for the application of Ecological Quality Objectives in the North Sea. Second Edition - 2009. OSPAR Biodiversity Series Publication 307/2009
ANSNL-D1346-Sub3-SizeDistr
Mobile species - population characteristics
The indicator on size distribution of fish species requires data collection by independent research ships. This data is collected according to the Common Fisheries Policy allthough additional assessment of the data is necessary. It is expected that this indicator will be further developed within ICES framework. All information collected by the member states, is transferred to ICES, which combines and assesses all the data. This information is available via the ICES website via the link: http://standardgraphs.ices.dk/stocklist.aspx
2014-9999
OTH
Size distribution is not a standard parameter yet, however, the required data for the assessment is available through the regular surveys that are done for the DCF. Additional analyses of the data are necessary. The required data can be derived from the current database and based on this information the size distribution can be determined.
ANSNL-D1346-Sub8-Mammals
Mobile species - abundance and/or biomass
Spatial scope:
A. Coastal waters: WOT seal count Wadde Sea (MINEZ).
B. Transitional and coastal waters (Delta and Voordelta): plane-based counts seals (RWS and Province of Zeeland).
C. Coastal Waters + Territorial waters + EEZ: plane-based counts Harbour Porpoise, for spatial distribution (RWS).
D. Territorial waters + EEZ: EU survey SCANS and SCANSII cetaceans North Sea for population estimate Harbour Porpoise
E. Coastal waters: Netherlands stranding network cetaceans
F. Coastal waters + Territorial waters + EEZ + Beyond EEZ: WOT Discards
The differences in spatial scope are determined by the distribution of the species and technical considerations: Harbour Porpoises are mainly present in open water and additional information is being drawn from strandings. Distribution, population size and trends of seals are best determined using standardised sandbank counts, at low tide and preferably during the pup and shedding periods.
Temporal resolution:
All mammals:
For the plane-based counts: Annual counting of birds in the coastal zone during the winter months (November, January and February), and in the spring and summer (April, June and August). Counting in the EEZ is done in the winter (November, January, February) and the summer (August). In addition to this 4 times a year ship-based counts are conducted.
Seals:
WOT seal count Wadden Sea: 5 counts per year
Monitoring seals Delta (province of Zeeland): 12 counts per year
Dutch strandingennetwerk: continuous overview of notifications of stranded cetaceans on the Dutch coast International coordination is necessary, because cetaceans and seals populations cross borders. For seals this coordination is already taking shape within OSPAR.
Each year in December a basic MSFD-datafile will be made available via the website of the Informatiehuis Marien (http://www.informatiehuismarien.nl/)
1960-9999
OTH
Harbour porpoise and other cetaceans:
Internationally coordinated measurements, such as the Small Cetacean Abundance Survey in the North Sea and Adjacent Waters (SCANS), are the most suitable method to gain insight into the population size and distribution of the harbour porpoise on the North Sea scale (http://biology.st-andrews.ac.uk/scans2/index.html) . An important aim is to make use of these international counts. Until then, national counts will be carried out. Moreover, specific harbour porpoise counts and combined counts (with birds) are being considered to monitor the distribution in the Netherlands part of the North Sea. Reports on by-catches in gill nets are also included, see subprogramme ANSNL-D1346-Sub5-Discards.
Dutch strandingennetwerk: reports of all
types of stranded cetaceans (http://www.walvisstrandingen.nl)
Common seal and grey seal:
The distribution, population size and trends relating to the common seal and the grey seal are best determined using standardised sandbank counts, at low tide and preferably during the pup and shedding periods (November-December).
All mammals:
Additionaly, use is made of counts of mammals during the regular plane- and ship- based seabird counts . For methods see http://publicaties.minienm.nl/download-bijlage/23394/bm-12-25-monitoring-van-zeevogels-en-zeezoogdieren-op-het-ncp-1991-2011.pdf (plane-based counts) and http://www.noordzeeloket.nl/images/Ship-based%20monitoring%20of%20seabirds%20and%20cetaceans_820.pdf (ship-based counts)
Expectations are high for the development of high-definition camera technologies in the coming years. HD cameras are expected to improve effectiveness and efficiency in counting birds and marine mammals at sea.
ANSNL-D02-Sub1
Non-indigenous species - abundance and/or biomass
During the regular benthos- and fisheries- surveys the presence and abundance of non-indigenous species is recorded, as well as whether new NIS have been encountered.
The regular survey networks that are used are: for Benthos - The Rijkswaterstaat MWTL benthos measurement network, supplemented with information from the WOT (statutory research tasks from the Ministry of Economic Affairs) for Fisheries (shellfish surveys section); for Fish – the WOT for fisheries. These surveys comply with requirements for the CFP, WFD and BHD.
Temporal frequency: MWTL Benthos – every 3 years: 2015, 2018 and 2021. WOT Fisheries – SNS, IBTS and DFS yearly. WOT Shellfish: yearly WOT Shellfish and MWTL Benthos can be aggregated on national scale. OSPAR is working on a common
indicator for the OSPAR-region. CFP can be aggregated on regional or subregional scale.
Each year in December a basic MSFD-datafile will be made available via the website of the Informatiehuis Marien (http://www.informatiehuismarien.nl/)
2014-9999
OTH
The monitoring of exotic species will be added to existing fish and benthos monitoring as an additional parameter. If, as part of current monitoring, the determination of species should reveal any new species, this will be registered. The fish and benthos sampling will not only indicate whether species are exotic or endemic, but also provide information on their respective quantities and/or biomass.
The regular survey networks that will be used are: for Benthos - The Rijkswaterstaat MWTL benthos measurement network [A], supplemented with information from the WOT (statutory research tasks from the Ministry of Economic Affairs) for Fisheries (shellfish surveys section [B] ); for Fish – the WOT for fisheries [C].
[A] MWTL Meetplan 2015 (will be available at http://www.helpdeskwater.nl/onderwerpen/monitoring/gegevensinwinning/ ).
[B] WOT 05-406-008 - http://www.wageningenur.nl/nl/project/Monitoring-schelpdierbestanden.htm. Most recent report, including methodology: http://edepot.wur.nl/278820.
[C] WOT 05-406-005 - http://www.wageningenur.nl/nl/project/Visserijstatistiek-2.htm. All surveys are coordinated by ICES and methodologies can be found via the ICES website and working groups (www.ices.dk).
MWTL Benthos (responsible organisation RWS): Depending on the habitat the survey uses boxcorer (164 locations), ‘bodemhapper’(17 locations), ‘bodemschaaf’(317 locations) and video surveys (16 locations).
ANSNL-D05-Sub1-OSPAR-NutrConc
Nutrient levels - in water column
The programme covers OSPAR maritime area, divided into suitable assessment units. COMP 2013 para 2.11 “Contracting Parties should divide their waters in the OSPAR maritime area into suitable assessment units based on the relevant physical features. This process of characterisation could be undertaken in accordance with the Annex II to the Water Framework Directive. Guidance on this typology is given in Section 3.” The Eutrophication Monitoring Programme (EMP) is related to the Comprehensive Procedure that contains a screening procedure to inform riskbased monitoring. There is a differentiation in monitoring effort (spatial and temporal intensity and frequency) depending on eutrophication status. Monitoring programme is designed on a risk-based approach, so that monitoring effort is concentrated on ‘at-risk’ areas. Monitoring is conducted as recommended by the OSPAR Common Procedure (i.e. in accordance with the OSPAR Agreement on a Eutrophication Monitoring Programme).
http://www.ospar.org/documents/dbase/decrecs/agreements/05-04e_eut_mon_prog.doc Elements monitored: The OSPAR Common Procedure for the identification of the Eutrophication status of the OSPAR maritime area advises CPs to monitor: Winter dissolved inorganic nitrogen (DIN); the sum of NH4-N, NO2- N and NO3-N; Winter dissolved inorganic phosphate (DIP); · NH4-N (µmol l-1); · NO2-N (µmol l-1); · NO3-N (µmol l-1); · PO4-P (µmol l-1); · SiO4-Si (µmol l-1). Monitoring of winter DIN, DIP and Si should be in conjunction with salinity measurements (see Common Procedure, §§ 4.26 and 4.29). Salinity – supporting parameter
The Netherlands monitors all these parameters except SiO4-Si, because this is not relevant for the Netherlands part of the North Sea.
Temporal resolution: Demand driven data collection. Monitoring is at frequencies recommended by the OSPAR Common Procedure (OSPAR Eutrophication Monitoring Programme Agreement) [F] - COMP recommendations: (1) Non-problem areas – about every three years during winter; (2) Potential problem areas and Problem areas – annually during winter when algal growth is at a minimum and during monitoring of direct and indirect effect.
The Netherlands has identified 4 OSPAR areas, of which 2 areas (Coastal Waters and the Souther Bight) are assessed as problem areas for the period 2006-2012, and 2 areas (Oyster Grounds and Dogger Bank) are assessed as Non-problem areas. At present all areas are monitored annually. OSPAR Common Procedure guidance [F] on aggregation paragraphs 1.2, 3.3, 3.4 and 3.5
[F] OSPAR Agreement Reference number: 2013-8; http://www.ospar.org/v_measures/get_page.asp?v0=13-08e_common_proc_eutrophication.doc&v1=5 OSPAR Contracting Parties prefer to make data available via the use of existing data stream with a yearly data submissions mechanisms: through ICES http://ocean.ices.dk/HydChem/HydChem.aspx?plot=yes and WISE WFD http://water.europa.eu/. This has the benefit of additional QA checks.
Monitoring data reported by Contracting Parties to OSPAR under the Coordinated Environmental Monitoring Programme (of which the Eutrophication Monitoring Programme is a part) are managed on behalf of OSPAR by ICES.
1995-9999
OTH
JAMP Eutrophication monitoring guidelines on nutrients [F]
[F] http://www.ospar.org/documents/dbase/decrecs/agreements/13-04e_guidelines_monitoring_nutrients.doc OSPAR EMP:
http://www.ospar.org/documents/dbase/decrecs/agreements/05-04e_eut_mon_prog.doc; (See JAMP guidelines in 9c)
ANSNL-D08-Sub2-OSPAR-ConcBiota
ANSNL-D08-Sub2-OSPAR-ConcBiota
OSPAR Contracting Parties provide geographical coordinates for their sampling. The programme covers mainly coastal, territorial and other marine waters. The extent of past OSPAR coordinated monitoring can be viewed from OSPAR CEMP assessment reports. Not addressed in detail in this OSPAR fact sheet. The sampling programme is to some extent, risk-based, and both the frequency and coverage are determined according to previous surveys. The previous assessments undertaken may lead to conclusions and recommendations which result in the development of a temporal trend programme from a spatial survey or vice versa. For example: if an area of concern is identified in a spatial programme, a temporal trend programme may be implemented at a limited number of representative sites; or opposite if a temporal trend changes unexpectedly, a spatial programme may be used to identify contaminant sources or the extent of the problem. Development of and decision on method and degree of aggregation is in progress OSPAR Contracting Parties prefer to make data available via the use of existing data streams (through ICES), which has the benefit of additional QA checks. Making data available through ICES with a yearly data submissions mechanism is the preferred way.
Monitoring data reported by Contracting Parties to OSPAR under the Coordinated Environmental Monitoring Programme are managed on behalf of OSPAR by ICES.
Access of data included in ICES DOME is already in place for EC/EEA
1987-9999
OTH
JAMP guidelines on contaminants in biota (OSPAR Agreement Ref. No. 1999-02) OSPAR Contracting Parties may take account of scientific updates such as are published e.g. in ICES TIMES publications (www.ices.dk)
Advice for QA is given by ISO/IEC EN 17025 for testing Laboratories and HELCOM Combine Manual Part B (www.helcom.fi). External QA/QC is performed by participation in laboratory testing schemes as provided by QUASIMEME and other providers. For data transfer check ICES Data Centre is providing data tools (DATRAS). http://ices.dk/marinedata/
tools/Pages/Submission%20status.aspx
ANSNL-D05-Sub2-OSPAR-Oxygen
Water column - chemical characteristics
The programme covers OSPAR maritime area, divided into suitable assessment units. COMP 2013 para 2.11 “Contracting Parties should divide their waters in the OSPAR maritime area into suitable assessment units based on the relevant physical features. This process of characterisation could be undertaken in accordance with the Annex II to the Water Framework Directive. Guidance on this typology is given in Section 3.” The Eutrophication Monitoring Programme (EMP) is related to the Comprehensive Procedure that contains a screening procedure to inform riskbased monitoring. There is a differentiation in monitoring effort (spatial and temporal intensity and frequency) depending on eutrophication status. Monitoring programme is designed on a risk-based approach, so that monitoring effort is concentrated on ‘at-risk’ areas. Monitoring is conducted as recommended by the OSPAR Common Procedure (i.e. in accordance with the OSPAR Agreement on a Eutrophication Monitoring Programme).
http://www.ospar.org/documents/dbase/decrecs/agreements/0504e_eut_mon_prog.doc Temporal resolution: Demand driven data collection. Monitoring is at frequencies recommended by the OSPAR Common Procedure (OSPAR Eutrophication Monitoring Programme Agreement) [F] - COMP
recommendations: (1) Non-problem areas – about every three years during winter; (2) Potential problem areas and Problem areas – annually during winter when algal growth is at a minimum and during monitoring of direct and indirect effect.
The Netherlands has identified 4 OSPAR areas, of which 2 areas (Coastal Waters and the Southern Bight) are assessed as problem areas for the period 2006-2012, and 2 areas (Oyster Grounds and Dogger Bank) are assessed as Non-Problem areas. At present all areas are monitored anually.
[F] http://www.ospar.org/v_measures/get_page.asp?v0=13-08e_common_proc_eutrophication.doc&v1=5 OSPAR Common Procedure guidance [F] on aggregation paragraphs 1.2, 3.3, 3.4 and 3.5
[F] OSPAR Agreement Reference number: 2013-8; http://www.ospar.org/v_measures/get_page.asp?v0=13-08e_common_proc_eutrophication.doc&v1=5 Monitoring data reported by Contracting Parties to OSPAR under the Coordinated Environmental Monitoring Programme (of which the Eutrophication Monitoring Programme is a part) are managed on behalf of OSPAR by ICES.
OSPAR Contracting Parties prefer to make data available via the use of existing data stream with a yearly data submissions mechanisms: through ICES http://ocean.ices.dk/HydChem/HydChem.aspx?plot=yes and WISE WFD http://water.europa.eu/. This has the benefit of additional QA checks.
1995-9999
OTH
JAMP Eutrophication monitoring guidelines on oxygen- revised cf. OSPAR Agreement 2013-05.
http://www.ospar.org/documents/dbase/decrecs/agreements/13-05e_guidelines_monitoring_oxy.doc OSPAR EMP: http://www.ospar.org/documents/dbase/decrecs/agreements/05-04e_eut_mon_prog.doc; (See JAMP guidelines in 9c)
ANSNL-D05-Sub6-Phaeocystis
Plankton blooms (biomass, frequency)
The programme covers OSPAR maritime area, divided into suitable assessment units. COMP 2013 para 2.11
“Contracting Parties should divide their waters in the OSPAR maritime area into suitable assessment units
based on the relevant physical features. This process of characterisation could be undertaken in accordance
with the Annex II to the Water Framework Directive. Guidance on this typology is given in Section 3.” The
Eutrophication Monitoring Programme (EMP) is related to the Comprehensive Procedure that contains a
screening procedure to inform riskbased monitoring. There is a differentiation in monitoring effort (spatial
and temporal intensity and frequency) depending on eutrophication status. Monitoring programme is
designed on a risk-based approach, so that monitoring effort is concentrated on ‘at-risk’ areas. Monitoring is
conducted as recommended by the OSPAR Common Procedure (i.e. in accordance with the OSPAR
Agreement on a Eutrophication Monitoring Programme).
http://www.ospar.org/documents/dbase/decrecs/agreements/05-04e_eut_mon_prog.doc
Temporal resolution of sampling varies, depending on the distance to the coast and based on the risk-based aproach.
Monitoring is at freqencies recommended by the OSPAR Common Procedure (OSPAR Eutophication Monitoring Programme Agreement) [F] OSPAR Common Procedure guidance [F] on aggregation paragraphs 1.2, 3.3, 3.4 and 3.5.
[F] OSPAR Agreement Reference number: 2013-8; http://www.ospar.org/v_measures/get_page.asp?v0=13-08e_common_proc_eutrophication.doc&v1=5 Monitoring data reported by Contracting Parties to OSPAR under the Coordinated Environmental Monitoring Programme (of which the Eutrophication Monitoring Programme is a part) are managed on behalf of OSPAR by ICES.
Each year in December a basic MSFD-datafile will be made available via the website of the Informatiehuis Marien (http://www.informatiehuismarien.nl/)
1990-9999
OTH
JAMP Eutrophication Monitoring Guidelines on Phytoplankton Species Composition cf. OSPAR agreement 1997-05: http://www.ospar.org/documents/dbase/decrecs/agreements/97-05e.doc OSPAR EMP: http://www.ospar.org/documents/dbase/decrecs/agreements/05-04e_eut_mon_prog.doc;
(See JAMP guidelines in 9c)
ANSNL-D10-Sub1-OSPAR-Beach
Litter - characteristics and abundance/volume
Survey sites are present in the whole north-east Atlantic region. However for OSPAR Beach Litter Monitoring the Bay of Biscay and Iberian coast has been split into two regions and the Greater North Sea has been divided into "Southern North Sea" and "Northern North Sea". This is to reflect the different types and abundances of litter found in these regions.
In the Netherlands 4 beaches are surveyed since 2001. Data can also be aggregated at a beach, national, monitoring region, sub region or regional level. Raw data and assessment products will be made available through the OSPAR website. Data will be available at http://www.ospar.org/content/content.asp?menu=01511400000000_000000_000000.
Each year in December a basic MSFD-datafile will be made available via the website of the Informatiehuis Marien (http://www.informatiehuismarien.nl/)
2001-9999
OTH
Guideline for monitoring marine litter on the beaches in the OSPAR maritime area (OSPAR agreement 2010-02)
ANSNL-D11-Sub1-Impulsive
ANSNL-D11-Sub1-Impulsive
Activities that cause impulsive noise, inparticular pile-driving for construction of wind turbines adn seismic activtiy) are distributed throughout the Netherlands part of the North Sea. A map will be compiled which will provide insight into the potential loss of habitat as a result of impulsive noise.
The Netherlands has chosen to work towards the set-up of a monitoring programme in regional cooperation, rather than on a national level. The resulting delay is prefered above a non-regional approach. The elaboration of the indicators referred to, the research measurements and the assessment will be coordinated in an international context. The use of a common register is proposed in the report of the TG Noise, where and how this register should be hosted is being discussed in the OSPAR ICG Noise,
2015-9999
OTH
A map will be compiled which, combined with knowledge of the effects on the ecosystem, provides insight into the potential loss of habitat as a result of impulse noises. The data for this map on the distribution in time and space of loud impulse noises will be gleaned from information already available on activities that cause impulse noises.
Monitoring Guidance for Underwater Noise in European Seas - Monitoring Guidance Specifications. 2nd Report of the Technical Subgroup on Underwater Noise (TSG Noise). November, 2013. https://circabc.europa.eu/sd/a/6b168331-711a-4ec5-9be3-26600c43808d/MSFD%20Monitoring%20Guidance%20Underwater%20Noise%20Part%20II%20Specifications%20IGR%200516.pdf
ANSNL-D1346-Sub11-UndisturbedSeafloor
Other
This indicator is regarded as an administrative indicator. The undisturbed surface of the seabed is calculated on the basis of sand extraction data from Rijkswaterstaat’s licensing database and data on the intensity of fishing activities from the Vessel Monitoring System (VMS). The website of the Informatiehuis Marien will periodically make available maps to visualise sand extraction and the intensity of fishing activities as a measure for seabed disturbance. Data on seabed disturbance by fishing activities will in the future probably be made available through ICES.
2014-9999
OTH
The undisturbed surface of the sea floor is calculated on the basis of sand extraction data from Rijkswaterstaat’s licensing database and the fishery data from the Vessel Monitoring System (VMS).
Sand extraction
The ICES working group on Effects of Extraction of Marine Sediments on the Marine Ecosystem (WGEXT) publishes annual reports for OSPAR with summary of data on marine sediment extraction for the OSPAR Area. The data are extracted from a database in which all licences for sand extraction are registered. all companies that intend to extract sand from the North Sea, have to apply for a licence to Rijkswaterstaat, based on the ´Besluit Ontgrondingen in Rijkswateren´ http://wetten.overheid.nl/BWBR0023362).
See http://www.ices.dk/community/groups/Pages/WGEXT.aspx.
Intensity of fishing activities VMS)
Ships are being electronically followed with the Vessel Monitoring Systems (VMS) deployed by the Fisheries Monitoring Centre (FMC) of the Netherlands Food and Consumer Product Safety Authority (NVWA) in Echt. All fishery vessels send a signal to a satelite. The data (position, speeds and direction) are directly transferred to the FMC. These data can be analysed to show where a ship was fishing with which method, and whether or not this caused seabed disturbance. ICES and OSPAR are jointly developing a coordinated method, see http://www.ices.dk/news-and-events/news-archive/news/Pages/ICES-maps-the-intensity-of-fishing-activities-affecting-the-seabed-.aspx.
ANSNL-D05-Sub5-OSPAR-InputAtm
Nutrient inputs - from atmosphere
The OSPAR Comprehensive Atmospheric Monitoring Programme (CAMP) consists of coastal atmospheric monitoring stations where monitoring data are estimated to represent marine atmospheric deposition conditions. Not addressed in detail in this OSPAR fact sheet. See OSPAR publications of annual CAMP Data reports for historic and current practice by OSPAR Contracting Parties. OSPAR produces assessments at the North East Atlantic Scale [and its sub-regions] CAMP data reported by Contracting Parties to OSPAR under this programme are managed by an external data centre. OSPAR CAMP Database at NILU http.ebas.nilu.no subject to OSPAR data policy. Database can be queried online.
1987-9999
OTH
Principles for the Comprehensive Atmospheric Monitoring Programme. Revised in 2005. Adopted: 2001. OSPAR Agreement Ref. No.: 2001-07 See CAMP Principles and reference to EMEP methods.
ANSNL-D08-Sub1-OSPAR-ConcSed
Contaminant levels - in water/sediment
OSPAR Contracting Parties provide geographical coordinates for their sampling. The programme covers mainly coastal, territorial and other marine waters. The extent of past OSPAR coordinated monitoring can be viewed from OSPAR CEMP assessment reports.
Monitoring is done mainly in areas where risks indicate that contaminants are likely to be present, based on local knowledge of the Contracting Parties. Usually in coastal waters where elevated concentrations have been found in previous surveys. The first selection of stations was originally done in industrialised estuaries and those adjacent coastal areas with a known history of contaminant input. Not addressed in detail in this OSPAR fact sheet. The sampling programme is to some extent, risk-based, and both the frequency and coverage are determined according to previous surveys. The previous assessments undertaken may lead to conclusions and recommendations which result in the development of a temporal trend programme from a spatial survey or vice versa. For example: if an area of concern is identified in a spatial programme, a temporal trend programme may be implemented at a limited number of representative sites; or opposite if a temporal trend changes unexpectedly, a spatial programme may be used to identify contaminant sources or the extent of the problem. Development of and decision on method and degree of aggregation is in progress OSPAR Contracting Parties prefer to make data available via the use of existing data streams (through ICES), which has the benefit of additional QA checks. Making data available through ICES with a yearly data submissions mechanism is the preferred way.
Monitoring data reported by Contracting Parties to OSPAR under the Coordinated Environmental Monitoring Programme are managed on behalf of OSPAR by ICES.
Access of data included in ICES DOME is already in place for EC/EEA
1977-9999
OTH
JAMP guidelines on contaminants in sediments (Ref. No. 2002-16) OSPAR Contracting Parties may take account of scientific updates such as are published e.g. in ICES TIMES publications (www.ices.dk)
Advice for QA is given by ISO/IEC EN 17025 for testing Laboratories and HELCOM Combine Manual Part B (www.helcom.fi). External QA/QC is performed by participation in laboratory testing schemes as provided by QUASIMEME and other providers. For data transfer check ICES Data Centre is providing data tools (DATRAS). http://ices.dk/marinedata/
tools/Pages/Submission%20status.aspx
ANSNL-D1346-Sub4-SharkRays
Mobile species - population characteristics
For sharks, skates and rays data comes from the ICES fish stock assessments and also from by-catch records (see subprogrammes ANSNL-D1346-Sub1-FishingMortality, ANSNL-D1346-Sub2-Biomass and ANSNL-D1346-Sub5-Discards). Stock monitoring is not confined to the boundaries of the Dutch part of the North Sea but covers various ICES areas. The Dutch part of the North Sea is located within areas IVb AND IVc. The Netherlands also conducts surveys outside the Dutch part of the North Sea, as other Member States conduct surveys within the boundaries of the Dutch part of the North Sea.
For diadromous fish, monitoring comprises information from landside passage monitoring (PASMON) because these species are not frequently encountered in the regular fish surveys at sea.
For the fish stock and discards surveys all information collected by the member states, is transferred to ICES, which combines and assesses all the data. This information is available via the ICES website via the link: http://standardgraphs.ices.dk/stocklist.aspx. For the diadromous fish data is available via http://www.waterkwaliteitsportaal.nl/ and assessment products via the International River Commissions.
2014-9999
OTH
Stock monitoring and monitoring of discards has been fully incorporated into the existing monitoring programmes relating to the Statutory Research Tasks for Fisheries (WOT) and the Data Collection Framework (DCF, coordinated by ICES).
Based on the requirements of the DCF 90% of the Dutch fisheries should be covered by a monitoring programme. These programmes aim to get insight in the quantity as well as the composition of discards, unless these are less than 5%. Based on EU regulation 812/2004 research has to be carried out on the bycatch of cetatceans.
A large part of the data is being gathered outside the Netherlands part of the North Sea.
Information from, among others, the following monitoring programmes is used: Sole Net Survey (SNS) [A], Demersal Young Fish Survey (DYFS) [B], International Bottom Trawl Survey (IBTS) [C], International Herring Larvae Surveys (IHLS)[D], Mackerel and horse mackerel eggs [E], Beam trawl Survey (BTS)[B]. International coordination of the collection of data on discard is being done by the ICES Planning Group on Commercial Catch, Discards and Biological Sampling, PGCCDBS. http://www.ices.dk/community/groups/Pages/PGCCDBS.aspx.
Links to ICES working groups and methodology:
[A] ICES WGNSSK - http://www.ices.dk/community/groups/Pages/WGNSSK.aspx.
[B] ICES WGBEAM - http://www.ices.dk/community/groups/Pages/WGBEAM.aspx.
[C] http://www.ices.dk/sites/pub/Publication%20Reports/ICES%20Survey%20Protocols%20%28SISP%29/SISP1-IBTSVIII.pdf.
[D] ICES WGIPS – http://www.ices.dk/community/groups/Pages/WGIPS.aspx.
[E] ICES WGMEGS - http://www.ices.dk/community/groups/Pages/WGMEGS.aspx.
For the implementation of the Water Framework Directive (WFD -Directive 2000/60/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council establishing a framework for the Community action in the field of water policy) the International Commission for Protection of the Rhine (ICPR), the International Commission for the Meuse, the Ems/Eems commission and the International Scheldt Commission have drafted programmes targeted at monitoring the state of waters. These programmes contribute to gain a coherent and comprehensive survey of the state of waters. The programmes are applicable since end 2006. The programmes, including fish monitoring, are summarized in Reports on the Coordination of Surveillance Monitoring Programmes in the River Districts;
Rhine: http://www.iksr.org/fileadmin/user_upload/Dokumente_de/PLEN-CC_06-06d_rev._15.03.07_m.K..pdf.
Meuse: http://www.cipm-icbm.be/files/files/Rapport_faitier_monitoring_Mmonitor_07_1_n_def2_.pdf .
Ems: http://www.ems-eems.nl/uploads/media/070319_Rapport_NL_Tekst.pdf .
Scheldt: link not available.
ANSNL-D1346-Sub7-Birds
Mobile species - abundance and/or biomass
The monitoring strategy is largely determined by area characteristics, resulting in a distinction between areas with a high bird density and many different species in the coastal zone, areas with a high bird density but few different species in the (planned) birds directive areas in the EEZ, and areas with a relatively low bird density and little diversity in the EEZ outside the birds directive areas. Annual counting of birds in the coastal zone during the winter months (November, January and February), and in the spring and summer (April, June and August). Counting in the EEZ is done in the winter (November, January, February) and the summer (August). OSPAR is looking into how data from several Member States can be combined on teh regional and/or sub-regional level (Common indicator testing 2014) Each year in December a basic MSFD-datafile will be made available via the website of the Informatiehuis Marien (http://www.informatiehuismarien.nl/)
1991-9999
OTH
Plane-based counts form the core of the measurement programme on account of their good quality at a relatively low cost. These counts are incorporated in the MWTL monitoring programme, for methods see Arts 2011: http://publicaties.minienm.nl/download-bijlage/23394/bm-12-25-monitoring-van-zeevogels-en-zeezoogdieren-op-het-ncp-1991-2011.pdf
For species identification (some species are difficult to distinguish from the air) and in order to collect information on habitats additional ship-based counts are conducted. For methods see Van Bemmelen 2011: http://www.noordzeeloket.nl/images/Ship-based%20monitoring%20of%20seabirds%20and%20cetaceans_820.pdf