# ART10_Targets_Target

Description:
Target 1: The marine environment of Cyprus is considered to be in good environmental status by the year 2020 if biological diversity is maintained. The quality and occurrence of habitats and the distribution and abundance of species are in line with prevailing physiographic, geographic and climatic conditions.
        Quantitative target, calculated from 19 indicators (see Assessment method). This target and its indicators correspond to Descriptor 1 and relevant criteria and indicators.


Description:
Target 2: Populations of all commercially exploited fish and shellfish should approach safe biological limits, exhibiting a population age and size distribution that is indicative of a healthy stock.
        All ICES, ICCAT, and GFCM recommendations in that direction will be followed, within the framework of the European Common Fisheries Policy.


Description:
Target 3: The marine environment of Cyprus is considered to be in good environmental status by the year 2020 if human-induced eutrophication is minimised, especially adverse effects thereof, such as losses in biodiversity, ecosystem degradation, harmful algae blooms and oxygen deficiency in bottom waters.
        Quantitative target, consisting of two sub-targets, which in turn are calculated from 9 indicators (see Assessment method). This target and its indicators correspond to Descriptor 5 and relevant criteria and indicators.


Description:
Target 4: The marine environment of Cyprus is considered to be in good environmental status by the year 2020 if the structure and function of the ecosystem are safeguarded and not adversely affected. Specifically, diversity and productivity are maintained, and any pressures do not hinder the ecosystem components to recover and/or retain their natural diversity, productivity and dynamic ecological processes.


Description:
Target 5: The marine environment of Cyprus is considered to be in good environmental status by the year 2020 if the concentrations of contaminants are at levels not giving rise to pollution effects.
        Quantitative target, calculated from 2 indicators (see Assessment method). This target and its indicators correspond to Descriptor 8 and relevant criteria and indicators.


Description:
Target 6: The marine environment of Cyprus is considered to be in good environmental status by the year 2020 if contaminants in fish and other seafood for human consumption do not exceed levels established by Community legislation or other relevant standards.
        Quantitative target, calculated from 1 indicator. This target and its indicator correspond to Descriptor 9 and relevant criteria and indicators.


# ART9_GES_GESDetermination

GESDescription:
The marine environment of Cyprus is considered to be in good environmental status by the year 2020 if biological diversity is maintained. The quality and occurrence of habitats and the distribution and abundance of species are in line with prevailing physiographic, geographic and climatic conditions..


GESDescription:
The marine environment of Cyprus is considered to be in good environmental status by the year 2020 if non-indigenous species (NIS) introduced by human activities are at levels that do not adversely alter the ecosystem. Due to the high uncertainty as to the impacts of widespread invasive alien species, and the highly invasive nature of the better studied species, the environmental status of Cyprus waters with regards to Descriptor 2 is determined at the level of the descriptor to be 0.5, i.e., Cyprus waters are not in GES with respect to Descriptor 2..


GESDescription:
The marine environment of Cyprus is considered to be in good environmental status by the year 2020 if: (a) no stock is exploited beyond safe biological limits; If Fmsy (or his proxy F0.1) is not known, it will be assessed based on reported captures/biomass index, (b) The spawning stock biomass (SSB) is at a level capable of providing MSY or higher. If SSB is not known, the biomass index from trawl survey will be assessed, (c) Each fish stock contains a high percentage of adult fish and an adequate/normal population structure..


GESDescription:
The marine environment of Cyprus is considered to be in good environmental status by the year 2020 if human-induced eutrophication is minimised, especially adverse effects thereof, such as losses in biodiversity, ecosystem degradation, harmful algae blooms and oxygen deficiency in bottom waters..


GESDescription:
The marine environment of Cyprus is considered to be in good environmental status by the year 2020 if the structure and function of the ecosystem are safeguarded and not adversely affected. Specifically, diversity and productivity are maintained, and any pressures do not hinder the ecosystem components to recover and/or retain their natural diversity, productivity and dynamic ecological processes. Given the available data, the determination of the GES of this descriptor relies heavily on criterion 6.2, which in turn is based on indicator 6.2.2. Indicator 6.2.2 is calculated using the various multimetric indices that have been developed in the framework of the Water-Framework Directive (2000/60/EC) for angiosperms, macroalgae and macrobenthos (and presently assigned a value of 0.9875)..


GESDescription:
The marine environment of Cyprus is considered to be in good environmental status by the year 2020 if large-scale infrastructure projects are undertaken at such a scale so that the permanent alteration of hydrographical conditions does not adversely affect marine ecosystems. Quantitatively, this descriptor cannot be calculated based on a formula at present, and is assigned the value given to criterion 7.1 (at present, 1.0)..


GESDescription:
The marine environment of Cyprus is considered to be in good environmental status by the year 2020 if the concentrations of contaminants are at levels not giving rise to pollution effects..


GESDescription:
The marine environment of Cyprus is considered to be in good environmental status by the year 2020 if contaminants in fish and other seafood for human consumption do not exceed levels established by Community legislation or other relevant standards..


# CostOfDegradationType

CostOfDegradationType:
Residual impacts, with reference to the current legislation objectives


# ElementCodeSources

Link:
Link to other vocabulary or code lists that may be relevant


Conditional:
Eutrophication (D5) and contaminants (D8-D9)


# Features

Subject:
Uses and human activities in or affecting the marine environment


Feature:
All activities related to cultivation of living resources


Feature:
Aquaculture – marine, including infrastructure


Feature:
All activities related to extraction of living resources


Feature:
Fish and shellfish harvesting (professional, recreational)


Feature:
Hunting and collecting for other purposes


Feature:
All activities related to extraction of non-living resources


Feature:
Extraction of minerals (rock, metal ores, gravel, sand, shell)


Feature:
Extraction of oil and gas, including infrastructure


Feature:
Military operations (subject to Article 2(2))


Feature:
All activities related to production of energy


Feature:
Transmission of electricity and communications (cables)


Feature:
Renewable energy generation (wind, wave and tidal power), including infrastructure


Feature:
Research, survey and educational activities


Feature:
All activities related to physical restructuring of rivers, coastline or seabed

Theme:
Physical restructuring of rivers, coastline or seabed (water management)


Feature:
Canalisation and other watercourse modifications


Feature:
Offshore structures (other than for oil/gas/renewables)


Feature:
Restructuring of seabed morphology, including dredging and depositing of materials


Feature:
All activities related to tourism and leisure


Subject:
Structure, functions and processes of marine ecosystems


Feature:
All ecosystem services related to provision of energy


Feature:
All ecosystem services related to mediation of flows


Feature:
Mass stabilisation and control of erosion rates


Theme:
Underpinning and/or enhancing physical and intellectual interactions


Feature:
All ecosystem services underpinning physical and intellectual interactions


Feature:
Experiential use of plants, animals and land-/seascapes in different environmental settings


Feature:
Physical use of land-/seascapes in different environmental settings


Feature:
All ecosystem services underpinning spiritual, symbolic and other interactions

Theme:
Underpinning and/or enhancing spiritual, symbolic and other interactions


Feature:
All ecosystem services related to maintenance of physical, chemical and biological conditions

Theme:
Maintenance of physical, chemical, biological conditions


Feature:
Global climate regulation by reduction of greenhouse gas concentrations

Sub-theme:
Atmospheric composition and climate regulation


Sub-theme:
Lifecycle maintenance, habitat and gene pool protection


Feature:
Maintaining Nursery Populations and Habitats


Feature:
Materials from plants, algae and animals for agricultural use


Feature:
All ecosystem services related to provision of materials


Feature:
Fibres and other materials from plants, algae and animals for direct use or processing


Feature:
All ecosystem services related to nutrition


Feature:
All ecosystem services related to mediation of waste, toxics and other nuisances

Theme:
Mediation of waste, toxics and other nuisances


Feature:
Filtration/sequestration/storage/accumulation by micro-organisms, algae, plants, and animals


Feature:
Bio-remediation by micro-organisms, algae, plants, and animals


Feature:
Commercially exploited fish and shellfish


Feature:
Offshore circalittoral rock and biogenic reef


Feature:
All physical and hydrological characteristics


Subject:
Anthropogenic pressures on the marine environment


Feature:
Loss of, or change to, natural biological communities due to cultivation of animal or plant species


Feature:
Disturbance of species (e.g. where they breed, rest and feed) due to human presence


Feature:
Extraction of, or mortality/injury to, wild species (by commercial and recreational fishing and other activities)


Feature:
Input of genetically modified species and translocation of native species


Feature:
Input or spread of non-indigenous species


Subject:
Pressure levels and impacts in marine environment


Feature:
All pressures related to inputs of substances, litter and energy


Feature:
Input of other substances (e.g. synthetic substances, non-synthetic substances, radionuclides) – diffuse sources, point sources, atmospheric deposition, acute events


Feature:
Input of litter (solid waste matter, including micro-sized litter)


Feature:
Input of nutrients – diffuse sources, point sources, atmospheric deposition


Feature:
Input of organic matter – diffuse sources and point sources


Feature:
Input of other forms of energy (including electromagnetic fields, light and heat)


Feature:
Input of anthropogenic sound (impulsive, continuous)


Feature:
Input of water – point sources (e.g. brine)


# GESComponents

Description:
Area covered by the species (for sessile/benthic species)


Description:
Mean maximum length across all species found in research vessel surveys


Description:
Nutrient ratios (silica, nitrogen and phosphorus)


Description:
Frequency of regulatory levels being exceeded


Description:
D11C2 – Anthropogenic continuous low-frequency sound


Description:
D1C1 – Mortality rate from incidental by-catch


Description:
D1C3 - Population demographic characteristics


Description:
D1C4 - Population distributional range and pattern


Description:
D5C6 - Opportunistic macroalgae of benthic habitats


Description:
D5C7 - Macrophyte communities of benthic habitats


Description:
D5C8 - Macrofaunal communities of benthic habitats


Description:
D6C2 - Physical disturbance to the seabed


Description:
D6C3 – Adverse effects from physical disturbance


Description:
D7C1 – Permanent alteration of hydrographical conditions


Description:
D7C2 – Adverse effects from permanent alterations of hydrographical conditions


Description:
D8C3 – Significant acute pollution events


Description:
D8C4 – Adverse effect of significant acute pollution events


# IntegrationRules

Description:
If two variables do not meet the required standard, good status is not achieved.


Description:
The use of hierarchical approaches to structure indicator inclusion and group is very common. The added structure provides the ability to output intermediate CIs that aid in the interpretation of the overall CI/AI. The nesting of associated indicators into clusters greatly improves the clarity of the aggregation process. Weightings are equal for each indicator and typical of when there is not enough information on the influence of individual indicators.


Description:
Hierarchical layers and clustering of input indicators is used to structure and order the aggregation. Weightings are variable between indicators and can be allocated according to multivariate analysis, expert judgement or based on theoretical assumptions regarding value. Weights can be applied to either individual indicators or to clustered indicators.


Description:
Often hierarchically-structured and have inputs clustered by metric. Weights can be variable or equal. Calculation is undertaken with complex approaches such as summation, multiplication or bespoke formulae operations.


Description:
Use predefined statistical procedures. Commonly applied methods include Factor Analysis, Discriminate analysis and Principal Components Analysis


Description:
Combination of variables/indicators into a flat structure with no intermediate aggregation. Weightings are equal for all indicators and is atypical approach used when there is not enough information on the influence of individual indicators. This method is the most basic of quantitative aggregations, and is more common for indicator production. Averaging can be arithmetic or geometric.


Description:
Combination of variables/indicators into a flat structure with no intermediate aggregation. Weightings are variable between indicators and can be allocated according to multivariate analysis, expert judgement or based on theoretical assumptions regarding value.


Description:
All variables have to achieve good status.


Description:
‘High-level integration’ assessment results for three groups: biological indicators, hazardous substances, indicators and supporting indicators, each applying OOAO.


Description:
Spatial analysis where layers are combined using different functions to produce an integrated output.


Description:
A specific proportion of the variables have to achieve good status.


Description:
Uses specific decision rules to integrate elements into a quality assessment.


# NACECodes

Label:
Exploitation of offshore wind energy for producing electricity


Label:
Quarrying of ornamental and building stone, limestone, gypsum, chalk and slate


Label:
Operation of gravel and sand pits; mining of clays and kaolin


Label:
Support activities for petroleum and natural gas extraction


Label:
Processing and preserving of fish, crustaceans and molluscs


Label:
Building of ships and floating structures


Label:
Repair and maintenance of ships and boats


Label:
Construction of railways and underground railways


Label:
Construction of utility projects for fluids


Label:
Construction of utility projects for electricity and telecommunications


Label:
Construction of other civil engineering projects n.e.c.


Label:
Wholesale of solid, liquid and gaseous fuels and related products


Label:
Wholesale of wood, construction materials and sanitary equipment


Label:
Wholesale of hardware, plumbing and heating equipment and supplies


Label:
Wholesale of other intermediate products


Label:
Sea and coastal passenger water transport


Label:
Service activities incidental to water transportation


# Parameters

Description:
Concentration in muscle meat of fish or fishery products


Description:
Mortality rate / Mortality rate from fishing (F)


# ThresholdSources

Description:
Common Fisheries Policy - Data Collection Framework (DC-MAP)


Description:
Drinking Water Directive (80/778/EEC) as amended by Directive (98/83/EC)


Description:
Environmental Impact Assessment Directive (85/337/EEC)


Description:
Regulation on contaminants in foodstuffs (EC 1881/2006)


Description:
General Fisheries Commission for the Mediterranean


Description:
Prevention and management of the introduction and spread of invasive alien species (Regulation 1143/2014)


Description:
International Commission for the Conservation of Atlantic Tunas


Description:
International Maritime Organisation (MARPOL, Ballast Water Convention, Antifouling Convention)


Description:
Integrated Pollution Prevention Control Directive (96/61/EC)


Description:
UNECE Convention on long-range transboundary air pollution


Description:
North East Atlantic Fisheries Commission


Description:
Directive on National Emission Ceilings for certain pollutants (2001/81/EC)


Description:
Placing of plant protection products on the market (Regulation EC/1107/2007)


Description:
Regulation on Registration, Evaluation, Authorisation and Restriction of Chemicals (EC 1907/2006)


Description:
Major Accidents (Seveso) Directive (96/82/EC)


Description:
Urban Waste Water Treatment Directive (91/271/EEC)


# Units

Description:
Decibels reference 1 microPascal squared second


Description:
number of items per kilogram of dry weight


